There are basically two methods of applying cathodic protection. One of these methods makes use of anodes which are energized by an external DC power source. In this type of cathodic protection system, anodes are installed in the electrolyte and are connected to the positive terminal of a DC power source and the structure which is to be protected is connected to the negative terminal of that source. Because the power source is almost always a rectifier unit, this type of system is often referred to as a rectifier or impressed current type system.
The second method of protection makes use of galvanic anodes which have a higher energy level or potential with respect to the structure to be protected. These anodes are made of materials, such as magnesium or zinc, which are naturally anodic with respect to steel structures and are connected directly to these structures.
Source:www.bushman.cc/pdf/corrosion_theory.pdf
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